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      iSCSI and implementation
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        <h3 id="Introduce"><a href="#Introduce" class="headerlink" title="Introduce"></a>Introduce</h3><p>iSCSI（发音为 /аɪskʌzi/）（iSCSI = internet Small Computer System Interface ）<br>又稱為IP-SAN，是一种基于因特网及SCSI-3协议下的存储技术，<br>由IETF提出，並於2003年2月11日成為正式的標準。<br>与传统的SCSI技术比较起来，iSCSI技术有以下三个革命性的变化：</p>
<pre><code>1. 把原來只用於本機的SCSI協同透過TCP/IP网络傳送，使连接距离可作无限的地域延伸
2. 连接的服务器数量无限（原來的SCSI-3的上限是15）
3. 由于是服务器架构，因此也可以实现在线扩容以至动态部署
</code></pre><p>iSCSI利用了TCP/IP的port 860 和 3260 作为沟通的渠道。透过两部计算机之间利用iSCSI<br>的协议来交换SCSI命令，让计算机可以透过高速的局域网集线来把SAN模拟成为本地的储存装置。</p>
<p>The overall structure of an iSCSI  PDU is as follows:</p>
<pre><code>Byte/     0       |       1       |       2       |       3       |
   /              |               |               |               |
  |0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 0/ Basic Header Segment (BHS)                                    /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
48/ Additional Header Segment 1 (AHS)  (optional)                 /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
  / Additional Header Segment 2 (AHS)  (optional)                 /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 ----
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
  / Additional Header Segment n (AHS)  (optional)                 /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 ----
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 k/ Header-Digest (optional)                                      /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 l/ Data Segment(optional)                                        /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 m/ Data-Digest (optional)                                        /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
</code></pre><p>The format of the BHS(fixed size, 48 bytes ) is:</p>
<pre><code>Byte/     0       |       1       |       2       |       3       |
   /              |               |               |               |
  |0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 0|.|I| Opcode    |F|  Opcode-specific fields                     |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 4|TotalAHSLength | DataSegmentLength                             |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 8| LUN or Opcode-specific fields                                 |
  +                                                               +
12|                                                               |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
16| Initiator Task Tag                                            |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
20/ Opcode-specific fields                                        /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
48
</code></pre><p>For request PDUs, the I bit set to 1 is an immediate delivery marker.</p>
<p>Initiator opcodes defined in this specification are:</p>
<pre><code>0x00 NOP-Out
0x01 SCSI Command (encapsulates a SCSI Command Descriptor Block)
0x02 SCSI Task Management function request
0x03 Login Request
0x04 Text Request
0x05 SCSI Data-Out (for WRITE operations)
0x06 Logout Request
0x10 SNACK Request
0x1c-0x1e Vendor specific codes
</code></pre><p>Target opcodes are:</p>
<pre><code>0x20 NOP-In
0x21 SCSI Response - contains SCSI status and possibly sense
     information or other response information.
0x22 SCSI Task Management function response
0x23 Login Response
0x24 Text Response
0x25 SCSI Data-In - for READ operations.
0x26 Logout Response
0x31 Ready To Transfer (R2T) - sent by target when it is ready
     to receive data.
0x32 Asynchronous Message - sent by target to indicate certain
     special conditions.
0x3c-0x3e Vendor specific codes
0x3f Reject
</code></pre><p>When set to 1 it indicates the final (or only) PDU of a sequence.</p>
<p>Some opcodes operate on a specific Logical Unit.  The Logical Unit<br>Number (LUN) field identifies which Logical Unit.  If the opcode does<br>not relate to a Logical Unit, this field is either ignored or may be<br>used in an opcode specific way.  The LUN field is 64-bits and should<br>be formatted in accordance with [SAM2].  For example, LUN[0] from<br>[SAM2] is BHS byte 8 and so on up to LUN[7] from [SAM2], which is BHS<br>byte 15.</p>
<p>The general format of an AHS is:</p>
<pre><code>Byte/     0       |       1       |       2       |       3       |
   /              |               |               |               |
  |0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 0| AHSLength                     | AHSType       | AHS-Specific  |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 4/ AHS-Specific                                                  /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 x
</code></pre><p>The format of the SCSI Command PDU is:</p>
<pre><code>Byte/     0       |       1       |       2       |       3       |
   /              |               |               |               |
  |0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7|
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 0|.|I| 0x01      |F|R|W|. .|ATTR | Reserved                      |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 4|TotalAHSLength | DataSegmentLength                             |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 8| Logical Unit Number (LUN)                                     |
  +                                                               +
12|                                                               |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
16| Initiator Task Tag                                            |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
20| Expected Data Transfer Length                                 |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
24| CmdSN                                                         |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
28| ExpStatSN                                                     |
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
32/ SCSI Command Descriptor Block (CDB)                           /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
48/ AHS (Optional)                                                /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 x/ Header Digest (Optional)                                      /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 y/ (DataSegment, Command Data) (Optional)                        /
 +/                                                               /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
 z/ Data Digest (Optional)                                        /
  +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
</code></pre><h3 id="Reference"><a href="#Reference" class="headerlink" title="Reference:"></a>Reference:</h3><ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISCSI" target="_blank" rel="external">iSCSI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3720.txt" target="_blank" rel="external">RFC 3720 TEXT format</a></li>
<li><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3720" target="_blank" rel="external">RFC 3720 HTML format</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sansky.net/article/2007-12-03-iscsi-storage.html" target="_blank" rel="external">iSCSI存储技术全攻略</a></li>
<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/iscsitarget/" target="_blank" rel="external">iscsitarget</a></li>
<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytarget/" target="_blank" rel="external">pyTarget</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jscsi.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">jSCSI is a cross-platform Java implementation of an iSCSI initiator</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/disy/jSCSI" target="_blank" rel="external">jSCSI on github</a></li>
<li><a href="http://stgt.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">TGT</a></li>
<li><a href="http://slimphpiscsipan.sourceforge.net" target="_blank" rel="external">Slim PHP iSCSI Panel for Centos</a></li>
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